Argentina

Argentina is a federal country made up of 23 provinces plus an autonomous city (Buenos Aires, the capital), with a total population of close to 47 million people, according to initial data from 2022. The 2010 national census gives a total of 955,032 people self-identifying as descending from or belonging to Indigenous Peoples, and there is still no final data from the last census conducted in 2022.

There are 35 officially-recognised Indigenous Peoples although the process of identity recovery is a dynamic one and so this number is fluid. Legally, they have specific constitutional rights at the federal level and in several provincial states. In addition, a set of human rights contemplated in various international instruments, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, are in force, forming part of the constitutional body of law. ILO Convention 169 takes precedence over national laws (it does not form part of the constitutional body of law), was ratified in 2000 and has been in force since 2002. In Argentina, the United Nations Declaration and the American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples are also in effect and are of normative force.